![]() Epinephrine and norepinephrine both constrict blood vessels (except in muscle tissue) and are released in anticipatory states and other times of increased emotion, causing such changes as elevated blood pressure release of glucagon, insulin, and fatty acids into the blood and increases in heart rate, sweating, metabolic rate, and peristaltic activity. In this way, the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic nerves support each other and can act as substitutes for each other. ![]() Their production and distribution by the blood usually occur at the same time that the organs are being stimulated by the sympathetic nerves. These hormones enter the blood stream and are carried throughout the body where they indirectly act as stimulants to the various organs. It releases the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. ![]() ![]() This is actually a glandular extension of sympathetic effector fibers or postganglionic neurons. ![]()
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